gpaa1 polyclonal antibody  (Proteintech)

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Expression and enrichment analysis of intrinsic immune-evasion genes (IIEGs). (A, B) Identification of OS-associated IIEGs via the univariate Cox regression analysis. (C) The heatmap displayed the expression of a total of 63 IIEGs in HCC and normal samples. (DeG) GO (DeF) and KEGG (G) enrichment analyses of 63 IIEGs. (H) Disease enrichment analysis of 63 IIEGs in DisGeNET. Abbreviations: ATG, autophagy-related; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, cen- trosomal protein 55; CI, confidence interval; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GO, Gene Ontology; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; NF-kappa B, nuclear factor-kappa B; NOD, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain; OS, overall survival; PIG, phosphatidylinositol glycan; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene I.

Article Snippet: The membranes were incubated overnight at 4 C with a primary polyclonal antibody targeting GPAA1 (10104-1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Membrane, Binding Assay, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Screening hub IIEGs by machine learning. (A) Top 30 candidate genes screened by random forest (RF). (B) Top 30 candidate genes screened by support vector machine (SVM). (C, D) LASSO Cox regression analysis of 63 IIEGs. (E) The Venn diagram illustrates the overlap of the gene sets analyzed by LASSO regression, RF, and SVM. (F) Chromosome distribution of six IIEGs in patients with HCC. (G) Diagnostic ROC curve of the six IIEGs. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; FPR, false positive rate; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; TPR, true positive rate.

Article Snippet: The membranes were incubated overnight at 4 C with a primary polyclonal antibody targeting GPAA1 (10104-1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Diagnostic Assay, Membrane, Selection, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Protein expression levels of six IIEGs in HCC. (A) The protein expressions of CAD, CEP55, EMC3, GPAA1, and PIGU were upregulated in the HCC tissues (T) compared with these in the normal tissues (N) from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database (200 magnification). (B) The protein levels of CAD, EMC3, GPAA1, and PIGU were significantly upregulated in the primary tumors compared with these in the normal tissues from the UALCAN database. ***P < 0.001. ns, not significant. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U.

Article Snippet: The membranes were incubated overnight at 4 C with a primary polyclonal antibody targeting GPAA1 (10104-1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Membrane, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Cellular-level expression of IIEGs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (A) The UMAP plot of 21 distinct cell clusters based on HCC dataset GSE140228. (B) The UMAP plot presented by 12 cell types. (CeH) Expression of six IIEGs in 12 subpopulations of cells from the HCC dataset GSE140228. (I) Average gene expression of the six IIEGs in 12 sub- populations of cells. (J) Intercellular communication between Tprolif cells and different cell types based on HCC dataset GSE140228. (K) Upregulated KEGG gene-set analysis. (L) Upregulated HALLMARK gene-set analysis. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; DC, dendritic cells; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; LIHC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma; NK, natural killer; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U; Tconvs, conventional T cells; Tex, exhausted T; Treg, regulatory T.

Article Snippet: The membranes were incubated overnight at 4 C with a primary polyclonal antibody targeting GPAA1 (10104-1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Membrane, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Mutation analysis of IIEGs in HCC. (A) Mutation frequency of the six IIEGs. (B) Overall survival rates of HCC patients with or without genetic alterations in the six IIEGs. (C) Mutation details of every IIEG in each individual sample. (D) Association between the IIEG signature and surgical margin resection status (P ¼ 0.0181). (E) Association between the IIEG signature and Oct embedded (P ¼ 0.0375). (F) Association between the IIEG signature and fraction genome altered. (G) Association between the IIEG signature and laboratory procedure albumin result upper limit of the normal value. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; CNA, copy number alteration; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GPAA1, glyco- sylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; Oct, optimum cutting temperature; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U.

Article Snippet: The membranes were incubated overnight at 4 C with a primary polyclonal antibody targeting GPAA1 (10104-1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Membrane, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Clinical relevance and prognostic value of IIEG signature. (A) Correlation between the IIEG signature and tumor stage in HCC. (B) Analysis of the IIEG signature in immune subtype. (C) Analysis of the IIEG signature in molecular subtype. (DeF) KaplaneMeier plots depicting the OS (D), DSS (E), and PFI (F) of individuals categorized into the high- and low-risk cohorts. (GeI) Distribution of the risk score and correlation between survival time (G: OS, H: DSS, I: PFI) and status, and heatmaps of IIEG signature expressions in patients with HCC. (JeL) Time-dependent survival ROC curves predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS (J), DSS (K), and PFI (L) in patients with HCC based on IIEG signature expression levels. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; CI, confidence interval; DSS, disease-specific survival; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; FPR, false positive rate; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; IIEG, intrinsic immune- evasion gene; OS, overall survival; PFI, progression-free interval; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; TPR, true positive rate.

Article Snippet: The membranes were incubated overnight at 4 C with a primary polyclonal antibody targeting GPAA1 (10104-1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Membrane, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9. mRNA and protein expressions of IIEGs in HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. (AeF) The mRNA expressions of GPAA1 (A), CEP55 (B), CAD (C), EMC3(D), ATG10 (E), and PIGU (F) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. (G) Protein expression of CEP55 was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in HCC (T) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (N), and brown color indicates a positive staining. (H) Protein expression of GPAA1 was tested by immunohistochemistry in HCC (T) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (N), and brown color indicates a positive staining. (I) The quantitative protein expression of GPAA1 is shown in HCC (T) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (N). *P < 0.05. ns, not significant. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U.

Article Snippet: The membranes were incubated overnight at 4 C with a primary polyclonal antibody targeting GPAA1 (10104-1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Membrane, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Expression and enrichment analysis of intrinsic immune-evasion genes (IIEGs). (A, B) Identification of OS-associated IIEGs via the univariate Cox regression analysis. (C) The heatmap displayed the expression of a total of 63 IIEGs in HCC and normal samples. (DeG) GO (DeF) and KEGG (G) enrichment analyses of 63 IIEGs. (H) Disease enrichment analysis of 63 IIEGs in DisGeNET. Abbreviations: ATG, autophagy-related; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, cen- trosomal protein 55; CI, confidence interval; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GO, Gene Ontology; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; NF-kappa B, nuclear factor-kappa B; NOD, nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain; OS, overall survival; PIG, phosphatidylinositol glycan; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene I.

Article Snippet: After cooling to room temperature, the slides were incubated overnight at 4 C in a humidity chamber (Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) with a polyclonal antibody against centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) (DF6224, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GPAA1 (10104- 1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) for specific protein detection.

Techniques: Expressing, Membrane, Binding Assay, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. Screening hub IIEGs by machine learning. (A) Top 30 candidate genes screened by random forest (RF). (B) Top 30 candidate genes screened by support vector machine (SVM). (C, D) LASSO Cox regression analysis of 63 IIEGs. (E) The Venn diagram illustrates the overlap of the gene sets analyzed by LASSO regression, RF, and SVM. (F) Chromosome distribution of six IIEGs in patients with HCC. (G) Diagnostic ROC curve of the six IIEGs. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; FPR, false positive rate; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; TPR, true positive rate.

Article Snippet: After cooling to room temperature, the slides were incubated overnight at 4 C in a humidity chamber (Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) with a polyclonal antibody against centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) (DF6224, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GPAA1 (10104- 1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) for specific protein detection.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Diagnostic Assay, Membrane, Selection, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Protein expression levels of six IIEGs in HCC. (A) The protein expressions of CAD, CEP55, EMC3, GPAA1, and PIGU were upregulated in the HCC tissues (T) compared with these in the normal tissues (N) from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database (200 magnification). (B) The protein levels of CAD, EMC3, GPAA1, and PIGU were significantly upregulated in the primary tumors compared with these in the normal tissues from the UALCAN database. ***P < 0.001. ns, not significant. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U.

Article Snippet: After cooling to room temperature, the slides were incubated overnight at 4 C in a humidity chamber (Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) with a polyclonal antibody against centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) (DF6224, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GPAA1 (10104- 1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) for specific protein detection.

Techniques: Expressing, Membrane, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Cellular-level expression of IIEGs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (A) The UMAP plot of 21 distinct cell clusters based on HCC dataset GSE140228. (B) The UMAP plot presented by 12 cell types. (CeH) Expression of six IIEGs in 12 subpopulations of cells from the HCC dataset GSE140228. (I) Average gene expression of the six IIEGs in 12 sub- populations of cells. (J) Intercellular communication between Tprolif cells and different cell types based on HCC dataset GSE140228. (K) Upregulated KEGG gene-set analysis. (L) Upregulated HALLMARK gene-set analysis. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; DC, dendritic cells; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; LIHC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma; NK, natural killer; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U; Tconvs, conventional T cells; Tex, exhausted T; Treg, regulatory T.

Article Snippet: After cooling to room temperature, the slides were incubated overnight at 4 C in a humidity chamber (Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) with a polyclonal antibody against centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) (DF6224, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GPAA1 (10104- 1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) for specific protein detection.

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Membrane, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Mutation analysis of IIEGs in HCC. (A) Mutation frequency of the six IIEGs. (B) Overall survival rates of HCC patients with or without genetic alterations in the six IIEGs. (C) Mutation details of every IIEG in each individual sample. (D) Association between the IIEG signature and surgical margin resection status (P ¼ 0.0181). (E) Association between the IIEG signature and Oct embedded (P ¼ 0.0375). (F) Association between the IIEG signature and fraction genome altered. (G) Association between the IIEG signature and laboratory procedure albumin result upper limit of the normal value. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; CNA, copy number alteration; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GPAA1, glyco- sylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; Oct, optimum cutting temperature; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U.

Article Snippet: After cooling to room temperature, the slides were incubated overnight at 4 C in a humidity chamber (Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) with a polyclonal antibody against centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) (DF6224, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GPAA1 (10104- 1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) for specific protein detection.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Membrane, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Clinical relevance and prognostic value of IIEG signature. (A) Correlation between the IIEG signature and tumor stage in HCC. (B) Analysis of the IIEG signature in immune subtype. (C) Analysis of the IIEG signature in molecular subtype. (DeF) KaplaneMeier plots depicting the OS (D), DSS (E), and PFI (F) of individuals categorized into the high- and low-risk cohorts. (GeI) Distribution of the risk score and correlation between survival time (G: OS, H: DSS, I: PFI) and status, and heatmaps of IIEG signature expressions in patients with HCC. (JeL) Time-dependent survival ROC curves predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS (J), DSS (K), and PFI (L) in patients with HCC based on IIEG signature expression levels. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; CI, confidence interval; DSS, disease-specific survival; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; FPR, false positive rate; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; IIEG, intrinsic immune- evasion gene; OS, overall survival; PFI, progression-free interval; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; TPR, true positive rate.

Article Snippet: After cooling to room temperature, the slides were incubated overnight at 4 C in a humidity chamber (Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) with a polyclonal antibody against centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) (DF6224, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GPAA1 (10104- 1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) for specific protein detection.

Techniques: Expressing, Membrane, Glycoproteomics

Journal: Liver research

Article Title: Single-cell and machine learning approaches uncover intrinsic immune-evasion genes in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

doi: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9. mRNA and protein expressions of IIEGs in HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. (AeF) The mRNA expressions of GPAA1 (A), CEP55 (B), CAD (C), EMC3(D), ATG10 (E), and PIGU (F) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. (G) Protein expression of CEP55 was detected by immunohistochemistry staining in HCC (T) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (N), and brown color indicates a positive staining. (H) Protein expression of GPAA1 was tested by immunohistochemistry in HCC (T) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (N), and brown color indicates a positive staining. (I) The quantitative protein expression of GPAA1 is shown in HCC (T) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (N). *P < 0.05. ns, not significant. Abbreviations: ATG10, autophagy-related 10; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; CEP55, centrosomal protein 55; EMC3, endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3; GPAA1, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IIEGs, intrinsic immune-evasion genes; PIGU, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U.

Article Snippet: After cooling to room temperature, the slides were incubated overnight at 4 C in a humidity chamber (Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) with a polyclonal antibody against centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) (DF6224, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) and GPAA1 (10104- 1-AP, ProteinTech Group, Chicago, IL, USA) for specific protein detection.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Membrane, Glycoproteomics